فصلنامه مشکوه
پیاپی 146 (بهار 1399)

God is the absolute agent of the world who has absolute knowledge, providence and will. If the world is the result of God's knowledge and will, is it possible to assume that evil occurs in God's creation and providence? The purpose of this article is to study and review the principles of divine action and analyze the issue of evil based on them. This study is based on the rational-traditional method. The findings of this study show that if the divine action arises from knowledge, permission, providence, will, and divine destiny and judgment, and the phenomena of the world are based on the knowledge, providence and will of God and within the framework of the lawful system, there is no room for the relation of evil to the creator of the world. What is inherently issued by God's will is pure good, and the realization of evil in the world depends on its means and is one of the necessities of the nature and also the man’s will, not the main desire of the Creator. Regardless of the fact that in the monotheistic view, the life is the field of human effort, test and elevation, and also the criterion of good and evil is something that has a real benefit and remains for human beings.

Creating a coherent and eloquent text requires the correct and accurate selection of each word and its correct placement in the context. Attention to all phonetic and semantic dimensions in his words is well observed. This article examines the role of phonetic appropriateness in the selection and arrangement of Qur’anic words and tries to answer these questions: How many phonetic proportions are in the Qur'an? And can this proportion be one of the dimensions of word choice? A review of the Holy Qur'an makes it clear that the appropriateness of words exists, both in literary formats and beyond and even with the use of the same phoneme in two words, the Qur'an identifies the two with each other and also with the phonetic texture of the text.

The literary approach to the Qur'an verses has always been the indispensable part all the interpretations. One of its related sciences is rhetorical sciences and the knowledge of precedence and delay which is considered to be the subdivision of the rhetoric, whose acquisition along with other Qur’anic sciences, has been emphasized by the infallible Imams (A.S.). This research analyzes the verses with a precedence and delay approach with a descriptive-analytical method and relying on the narrations of the infallible Imams (A.S.). The purpose of this article is to explain the importance of this knowledge in interpreting the Qur'an and to analyze the emphasis of the infallible Imams (A.S.). On learning it along with sciences such as decisive (Muhkam) and allegorical (Mutashabihas).Precedence and delay in the Qur’an's words and phrases are so important that neglecting them may lead to alteration of divine commandments. With the study of some Qur’anic verses with the centrality of the Imams words, we found that paying attention to precedence and delay could lead to the establishment of a jurisprudential verdict that the infallible Imams (A.S.) referred to and acted upon unequivocally.

The attributes of God and its characteristics are controversial among theologians, sages, and commentators. One of the verses in which there is a difference of opinion between the two sects is the interpretation of verse 29 of Ar-Rahman Surah, which states that God exercise His power every day. The verse is in the position of expressing the power of God and criticizing the Jewish view that things pass in divine knowledge and the absence of new beings. Paying attention to the differences in the interpretation of the verse; The present study, while expressing the opinions of the commentators, has examined the differences and commonalities of the two parties in the interpretation of the verse with a descriptive-analytical method. According to the differences in the interpretation of the verse, the present study has used descriptive-analytical method while expressing the opinions of the commentators, and has examined the differences and differences between the two parties in interpreting the verse. Some Sunnis do not accept the occurrence of new beings, while the Shiites, according to the narration of Imam Ali (A.S.), believe in the occurrence of new matters. The meaning of the word "day", the constant grace, the knowledge of God's eternal will and His current will, the lack of scheduling of the God Almighty, the difference between the preserved tablet and the fade tablet and affirmation, are important points of interpretation. The attributes of God and its characteristics are controversial among theologians, sages, and commentators. One of the verses in which there is a difference of opinion between the two sects is the interpretation of verse 29 of Ar-Rahman Surah, which states that God exercise His power every day. The verse is in the position of expressing the power of God and criticizing the Jewish view that things pass in divine knowledge and the absence of new beings. Paying attention to the differences in the interpretation of the verse; The present study, while expressing the opinions of the commentators, has examined the differences and commonalities of the two parties in the interpretation of the verse with a descriptive-analytical method. According to the differences in the interpretation of the verse, the present study has used descriptive-analytical method while expressing the opinions of the commentators, and has examined the differences and differences between the two parties in interpreting the verse. Some Sunnis do not accept the occurrence of new beings, while the Shiites, according to the narration of Imam Ali (A.S.), believe in the occurrence of new matters. The meaning of the word "day", the constant grace, the knowledge of God's eternal will and His current will, the lack of scheduling of the God Almighty, the difference between the preserved tablet and the fade tablet and affirmation, are important points of interpretation. 

One of the characteristics of Shi'ite traditions is their precise confrontation with deterministic ideas, so that by using their guidance, accurate and rational approaches can be obtained in the critique of these ideas.Studying and analyzing these traditions leads to the development of various approaches to the critique that are important or inseparable tools of determinism.The most important of these matters are: the possibility of God's command to do wrong, the possibility of God's command to unbearable obligation, the possibility of obliging servants to involuntary action and arranging rewards and punishments on it and citing to divine judgment and predestination.Therefore, the traditions that deny predestination and delegation, and emphasize the Amr bayn al-amrayn (a theory between the two theories) contain deeper and more important rational approaches.

In the Islamic worldview, absolute sovereignty over the world and man belongs to God and He has made man master of his own social destiny in a way that no one can deny this divine right. This principle, which is specified in the form of Article 56 of the Islamic Republic of Iran Constitutional law and is referred to in international law as the "right to self-determination", has important foundations in the Holy Qur'an, the most basic of which is the freedom and authority of human beings, on the basis of which God has exalted human beings over other beings and, according to the blessings of reason, has given them the right to determine their own destiny and choose responsibly. To achieve this goal, the Islamic society has based on the participation of Muslims in the management of their affairs, and in international relations, by accepting the principle of peaceful coexistence, has recognized the right to choose and determine the destiny of other nations.